The War Of Wwi And The Versailles Treaty - 2369 Words

Again the Road to War (1933-1939) WWI and the Versailles Treaty had only a marginal (limited) relationship to the world Depression of the 1930s But in Germany, where the reparations settlement had contributed to the vast inflation of 1923, economic and social discontent focused on the Versailles settlement as the cause of all ills Throughout the late 1920s, Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party denounced Versailles as the source of Germany s troubles; the economic woes of the early 1930s seemed to bear them out This, coupled with Nazi party discipline and a message of fervent nationalism, helped Hitler overthrow the Weimar republic and take control of Germany Hitler s Goals Hitler s racial theories and goals were central to his thought He meant to go far beyond Germany s 1914 borders to bring the entire a German people (Volk), understood as a racial group, into a single nation The new Germany would include all the Germanic parts of the old Habsburg Empire, including Austria This virile nation would need more space to live (Lebensraum), which would be taken from the Slavs, a lesser race Lebensraum- German for living space, the term refers to the Nazi plan to colonize and exploit Eastern Europe. The new Germany would be purified by the removal of the Jews, the most inferior race in Nazi theory The plan required the conquest of Poland and the Ukraine as the primary areas for the settlement of Germans and for the provision of food However, neither Mein Kampf nor laterShow MoreRelatedThe War I And World War II Essay1639 Words   |  7 PagesThe â€Å"Thirty Years War† World War I and World War II are the largest military conflicts in history. In 1919, Europe attempted to reconstruct the damage left by WWI. After WWI, with the Treaty of Versailles, Germany was left destroyed and destabilized, which eventually laid out the foundation for WWII. The harsh terms of the Treaty of Versailles led to the aggression of Germany. 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Behavioral Challenges Client From Field - 2181 Words

Behavioral Challenges Client from Field The Client is a 17-year-old African American female who was removed from her mother’s care in 2013, and resides in a residential treatment program under the custody of the state. The client currently attends a special education school due to a speech impediment and behavioral disturbances. The client was referred to the screening center on this occasion after running out of the school building and threatening to run out into traffic as a suicide attempt. The client’s teacher mocked her speech impediment in front of the entire class, which triggered aggression and suicidal ideations. The client threw a soda at the teacher, and was put into a physical restraint, but when she was able to break free,†¦show more content†¦Youth who were removed from their families are not only exposed to being separated from caregivers, but there also can be issues concerning physical and emotional trauma, as well as genetic factors that could alter a person’s mood and behav ior (Rutter, 2000). Elevated behavioral issues amongst youth receiving residential care are extremely common and there are multiple studies that identify behavioral difficulties as a primary characteristic (James, Roesch, Zhang, 2011). The behavioral concerns that this population presents with could hinder them from actually being placed, and interfere with successfully discharging from the group home. It should be noted that being of an older age group during admission into the foster care setting, and having history of juvenile delinquency and behavioral disturbances within the first couple of months of living in a residential setting, automatically correlates with unsuccessful discharges (Piotrkowski Baker, 2004). According to the Adoption and Foster Care Analysis and Reporting System, in 2014 there were 415,129 minors in foster care by the end of September and 264,746 minors who entered the foster care system within the fiscal year (UDHHS, 2015). There were 107,918 children wh o were waiting to be adopted at the end of September, 2014 (UDHHS, 2015). Of those children, there were approximately 14,000 of them who entered the foster care system between the ages of 11-17 years old, which gives these children an increased

The Natural of Semantic Change Free Essays

SEMANTICS THE NATURE OF SEMANTIC CHANGE Presented by group 9: Riva Nugraha Jiwa 0910733154 Alfi Nurhidayati 1010731008 Nadia Turrahmi 1010732014 ENGLISH DEPARTMENT FACULTY OF HUMANITIES ANDALAS UNIVERSITY INTRODUCTION 70 years ago, Edward Sapir introduced a new concept of linguistics. He said that language moved on every time and then created their own forms and never static. Every word, every grammatical element, proverbs, sounds and accents configured which was changed slowly and this was the ways how a language could long lasting. We will write a custom essay sample on The Natural of Semantic Change or any similar topic only for you Order Now This concept of language made the other linguists interested. The change of meaning could happen because of some reasons, according to Millet a meaning could change easily because of the discontinuous from one generation to the other generations, the blur of meaning, the lost of motivation, the appearance of polysemy, there are some ambiguous contexts, vocabulary structures, and so on. The nature of semantic change can be divided into some categories, metaphor, metonymy, popular etymology, ellipsis, and also some consequences change of meaning. SEMANTIC CHANGE A. The nature of semantic change Aksioma Leibniz said â€Å"natura non facit saltus† that means the nature changed indirectly and slowly, this sentence also can we applied in change of meaning. Every changing had their each reason and always related and associated from the old meaning into the new meaning. One of semantics tradition looks up meaning as â€Å"the interrelationship between name and meaning†. So, we can conclude that change of meaning divide into two types: change of meaning based on association of meaning-meaning, and also name-name. Every type can be differs into similarity ad contiguity. . Metaphor Metaphor is important in language because it can make them more creative and aesthetics, it is common in literary field such as poem. Metaphor has some functions in everyday life, there are as the motivation, expression ways, as the source of synonym and polysemy, to fill the blank in vocabulary, and the way to express the emotion, etc. The structure of metaphor is simple, it always said one thing is another thing. It does not use the word as, like, and comparative words and other, this case make the reader try to find the similarities. For example: a) Her home is a prison, in this case her home have same characteristic of prison, we can imagine that she can’t leave her home, she tapped inside, and maybe afraid of the outside. b) The police man let him off by a yellow card, in this sentence ‘yellow card’ refers to warning, the original sense is in soccer player a yellow card that the referee shows to the player when cautioning them and give the second chance to introspect themselves. c) in Indonesian language we can take the example Gonzales menanduk bola, we know that Gonzales is a human and he did the work which is did by an animal buffalo. In this case, menanduk have same meaning with the other, because it refers to an action using a head, in human we call menyundul and in buffalo we cal menanduk. * Anthropomorphic metaphor The person who is interested toward this kind of metaphor is Giambattista Vico, he said that in every language the most part of expression refer to inanimate, compared by transferring from any part of body, sense, and also the emotion of human being. For example: a) in Indonesian language: jantung kota, bahu jalan, mulut sungai, etc. b) in English language muscle comes from Latin language musculus that means ‘little mouse’. Animal metaphor This category applied for animal or inanimate types, many plants using animal’s name to call them. For example: a) lidah buaya, kumis kucing, jambu monyet, etc. b) in English there are some plants with animal’s name goat’s-beard and dog’s tail. Beside that, there are animal’s name transferred into human being for des cribe humor, irony, and other. For example: si beo, the speaker use this word toward the other because they have same characteristic or their action refer to the animal itself. * From concrete to abstract One of the tendency in metaphor is explaining the abstract into the concrete, when we try to find the abstract word at first we must know the concrete one. For example in English light ‘sinar, cahaya, lampu’ which is concrete, when this word close to the other morpheme they sometimes become abstract like highlights ‘menyoroti’. If it compares to Indonesian language the condition is same, for example the concrete one is ‘sinar, cahaya’, it become abstract metaphor in sorot mata, hidupnya sedang bersinar, ajarannya menyinari dunia, harta yang menyilaukan, and so on. Synaesthetic metaphor This metaphor based on the transferred of one sense to the other sense, for example from sense of hearing to sight, from touch to sound, etc. If we talk about the sound which is warm and cool, we can see that there are the similarities between temperatures with the kind of sounds. The structure of metaphor begin in literary works when the raising of symbolism era. We can see from one of Shakespeare’s work: I see a voice; now will I to the chink To spy an I can hear my Thisby’s face 2. Metonymy Metonymy involves some sort of connection between concepts, but in this case there is no similarity between them, but they are closely linked in some other way. Metonymy can divide into the association they based on. First, metonymy transfer based on spaces and places. The change of meaning the Latin word coxa ‘pinggul’ into France language cuisse ‘pupu;paha’ it explained that pinggul and paha is our part of body which is close and do not have correct constraint. Second, metonymy transfer based on time or temporal. The name of action or event can be transferred into something that predate and follow the change. For example, in English, ‘collation’ now defined into different meaning ‘perbandingan’ and ‘makanan ringan’ where as both of them are relates. Previously, in Catholic ceremony the reading from Collationes Patrum by Cassian usually read before the end of mass, it followed by snack which called collation because the snack related with the reading. So, the name of book followed by the snack that also consume in the close time in mass period. Third, the relation can create the change of metonymy, there are some part that is important but sometime it divide into own category, or we can call it pars pro toto. For example in Indonesia, ‘pasukan baju kuning’ it refers to the group who clean up the road. And the last metonymy is simple and famous because we don’t need the worst and crucial speech. We know that most of the founder named something which they found by their name. For example, the terminology in electricity ampere, volt, ohm named by the founder Andre Ampere, Count Allessandro Volta, and Georg Simon Ohm. . Popular Etymology Etymology is the branch of linguistics that studies the origin and development of words and other linguistic forms. The examples of the areas that are studied include the earliest origins of a word, how its meanings and connotations have changed, the meanings and origins of its component parts, whether or how it has spread to other languages, and how its meaning or use has b een influenced by other words. The history of a word also is called its etymology. For example, France language forain become English foreign which come from Latin foranus, one of derivative from Latin foris ‘tidak dengan; ke luar negeri; the nature meaning is the foreign as we used in English. 4. Ellipsis Words which often occur side by side are act to have a semantic influence on each other. We have already sees an example of this in the history of negation in French. The commonest form which this influence takes in ellipsis. In a set phrase made up of two words, one of these it omitted and its meaning it transferred to its partner. For example, in Jakarta’s dialect ‘tidak tahu’, sometimes just utter in ‘tahu’. B. The consequences of the change of meaning * The change in the area of meaning Many older writer divide change of meaning in three categories, there are: extension, restriction, and the last that do not grouped into both of them. The division can called as â€Å"logical division† they also has some weaknesses, although the division is simple and easy. The division does not give clearly describing about the formal form in causes or the background how it can be changed. And then, the third division just grouped because can’t let in first and second division. Truthfully the basic is the meaning become wide or narrow and continuously by the time. 1). Restriction This change make the meaning of certain word become restrict and the intense become more variable. For example, English ‘poison’ means racun, first the word come from ‘potion’ that means ‘beer’ because beer can damage our body and sometimes make somebody die. Later poison just use to refer the drink that can make somebody die, not to all of beer. 2). Extension In extension meaning, the word can be applied in large contexts by following the time the intense become weaker and something that referred become smaller. For example, arriver in France and arrive in English, this word come from Latin arripare, it become ripa ‘tepi sungai; pantai’ because it refers to the coming of someone. * The changes in evaluation: pejorative and ameliorative 1). Pejorative The change caused the word become lower or negative than before, for example: ‘perempuan’ come from ‘empu’ that means ‘ibu jari’ it should be has higher meaning. But nowadays, ‘perempuan’ is lower if compare to ‘wanita’. 2). Ameliorative The change caused the word become higher and positive than before, for example: ‘minister’ at first define as ‘minus or slave’ but nowadays the meaning become higher into ‘the person who stayed in governmental system. CONCLUSION The Nature of Semantic Change, there is must always be some connection, some association between the old and the new meaning, association is the necessary condition of semantic change. Meaning is determined by three factors: the objective reference (the referent), the subjective apprehension (the subject, i. e. the speaker or the hearer) and the traditional range (the word). Any change has as its immediate cause a change in one of these three relations. Types of semantic change: Similarity of the senses (metaphor), Contiguity of the senses (metonymy), Similarity of the names (folk etymology), Contiguity of the names (ellipsis), all of these types is changes that occur with time. Reference: * Ullman, Stephen. 2011. Pengantar Semantik. Pustaka Pelajar: Yogyakarta How to cite The Natural of Semantic Change, Essay examples

Operations Management Management

Question: Write an essay on Operations Management? Answer: Introduction Markeaton Park id one of the most visited centres in the East Midlands area, which offers a wide range of activities for recreation and adventure. However, there has been lack of investment in the infrastructure of the park over the years which has lead it to worn out, although the park is still having a good reputation among the visitors as a good place to visit but if the present condition continues then there will be a decline which will be self perpetuating. This study discusses the present issues in the infrastructure, and the major challenges that the park is facing. The researcher has also mentioned the possible recommendations for making the park a better, well-managed place. Improvements to the park The improvement of Markeaton Park needs the implementation of proper management, maintenance and development to take place, which demands a framework work for carrying out the process (Schroeder et al. 2011). The primary purpose of the plan will be to support funding towards the restoration works for Markeaton Park. Markeaton Park is a designated city park serving a catchment up to 5000 meters, which extend a big area for covering Derby's population. For better improvement of the park, it is important to know about the major hindrances that are there for attaining the desired results. The theory of Constraints As per the theory, every system, no matter how well it is performing, has at least one constraint, which will add to the limitation of the overall performance, the theory is used for identification of the constraint and carry out restructuring so that the constraint can be overcome (Brown et al. 2013). There are certain steps, which are to be followed for achieving the goals. The steps involve identifying the weakest link in the system and realize which the factor that is holding the performance back is. The underlying idea of the theory is that organizations can be measured and controlled by three measures which are through put, operational expense and inventory, so that before reaching the goal necessary conditions are met. Theory of constraints is based on the premise that the rate of achievement of goal by a goal-oriented system is limited by at least one constraint (Shang and Ployhart, 2014). If it is assumed that the goal of a system is articulated then the steps to be followed will involve: Identifying the systems constraints Deciding how the constraint be exploited Subordinating everything to the decision made Evaluation of the performance In case of the Markeaton Park as well the primary need is the identification of the constraints in the system of the park. Even if the place is still preferred by visitors, but there are many improvement to be done in the infrastructure of the park. One of the major contributions for the improvement of Markeaton park is the Heritage Lottery Fund project, which aims to deliver the vision f the park and also the much needed improvements as well. Having realized that the major constraints of the park is the infrastructure, the project aims to restore, protect and carry on the management of the park for enjoyment and use of present and future generations (Gunasekaran and Ngai, 2012). It also aims to develop and hence existing and new facilities that meets the needs of the current users, deliver a comprehensive programme of activities and various events. The management of the park also involves the promotion and enhancement of the understanding of the public for providing guidance in the use of the services provided in the park. The overall improvement process of the infrastructure aim to benefit the community along with developing a new Park Management system structure for providing a professional, responsive and accountable team, for making the park an accountable and safe place to visit (Brown et al. 2013). Green issues (how the park can be more eco friendly) The major green issues faced by the park are Air pollution contributed by parks indirectly, which massively uses the amount of required energy for keeping the park up and running nicely. This not only includes the use of resources but also emission of carbon dioxide An attraction that draws in large crowds of people for extended periods of time especially one that has much concession stands is bound to create and collect a lot of trash. Some of the trash can be recycled, but those materials will still need to be sorted and taken to a recycling facility, increasing the consumption of fossil fuels. Trash that cannot be recycled typically ends up in a landfill, where it contributes to global warming by emitting methane, a greenhouse gas, as it decays. Another form of waste that increases dramatically when crowds of people are brought into a contained area is human waste. To address this properly, the park must build its own sewage treatment facility, which requires energy and water to operate, or be connected to the sewage system of a nearby community a system that can easily be overwhelmed by the park's needs. Water usage varies from theme park to theme park, but water rides are popular attractions at many and those rides require significant amounts of water to make them operational. A lot of the water used for rides is recycled, but the park still requires a massive quantity of water when the rides are first installed (Rand, 2013). The basic upkeep of the park's attractions can also put a strain on local water supplies --- cleaning acres of walkways, buildings and equipment and caring for acres of landscaping both require substantial amounts of water. Depending on the park's location, the impact on the environment can be quite drastic. Most theme parks aren't built in urban areas where they are replacing existing buildings or asphalt lots. Just by using the visitor's centre, the visitor will be more informed about how to protect the park., the visitor centre's valuable informational displays, which will provide ecological context should be provided (Gunasekaran and Ngai, 2012) Focus on reusable water bottles, which are better for the environment, and which also provide the added bonus of helping avoid inflated prices on bottled water. Minimise use of pesticides and herbicides, including a reasoned justification where used Encourage greater responsibility by the public for removing their own litter to either take home or deposit in larger central collection points and to use recycling facilities Working with Grounds Maintenance to improve the recycling and use of green waste material produced on the park Promoting the recycling and composting as part of an education programme focussed on horticulture and healthy living (Krajewski et al. 2012) Recommendations From the study, there are a number of recommendations that can be made for better improvement of Markeaton Park: Establishing a clear hierarchical structure of entrances in accordance to the importance, along with the use of proper signage Enhancing the main entrance of the park and also provide an entrance statement which would define that this is the main entrance to the visitors and the passing by Creation of clear sense of direction and orientation for the people entering the park by combining a good design, and using landmarks Instigating program of work and management work for enhancing and cleaning up the boundary Reviewing long-term future for building of depot with a view to the replacement with alternative and better quality building or removal Developing and implementing a full signage strategy for the park as a part of the interpretation strategy that will set out guidelines for the purpose, design, use, location, maintenance and review. This all would cover permanent and temporary signs that are needed for one off events, reviewing of the brown signs location and information to ensure that they are correct and do not give mixed messages. They also provide the entrance signs, which would help, define entrances and provide information to help visitors orientate themselves. Signage should reflect entrance hierarchy. Designing and installing permanent signs and notice board for temporary signage providing more and improved information regarding the park and how it should be accessed. Creation of central information point is very important where the visitors can access information about the park at any point of time (Pengand Lai, 2012). Developing a well-coordinated and enhanced programme of activities that promote health and the well-being on the park, the activities will also enhance the healthy living. Improvement of play facilities, and footpath network along with the availability of the new routes of cycle is also involved in the development of improved infrastructure of the park. Identification and prioritizing of the program of replacement, repairs and maintenance of infrastructure is important to carry out evaluation of the performance. This will ensure all facilities; equipment and other features of the park are safe for using. Updating the risk assessment and procedures in conjunction of development of park and improvement to facilities are also vital for development. Conclusions The study explains the major problems faced by the Markeaton Park in UK. The park is currently facing issues despite of being a preferable spot to visit. The discussion throws an insight on the problems, the possible implementation of the compatible theory and the recommendation that might help the managers to bring about a more efficient infrastructure. The various green issues faced by parks and the possible solutions have been discussed. References Barratt, M., Choi, T. Y. and Li, M. (2011). Qualitative case studies in operations management: Trends, research outcomes, and future research implications.Journal of Operations Management,29(4), 329-342. Peng, D. X.,and Lai, F. (2012). Using partial least squares in operations management research: A practical guideline and summary of past research.Journal of Operations Management,30(6), 467-480. Krajewski, L. J., Ritzman, L. P., and Malhotra, M. K. (2012).Operations management. Pearson Education Limited. Gunasekaran, A., and Ngai, E. W. (2012). The future of operations management: an outlook and analysis.International Journal of Production Economics,135(2), 687-701. Naor, M., Bernardes, E. S., and Coman, A. (2013). Theory of constraints: is it a theory and a good one?.International Journal of Production Research,51(2), 542-554. Rand, G. K. (2013). Theory of constraints. InEncyclopedia of Operations Research and Management Science(pp. 1545-1545). Springer US. Golmohammadi, D. (2015). A study of scheduling under the theory of constraints.International Journal of Production Economics,165, 38-50. Brown, S., Bessant, J. R., and Lamming, R. (2013).Strategic operations management. Routledge. Gunasekaran, A., and Ngai, E. W. (2012). The future of operations management: an outlook and analysis.International Journal of Production Economics,135(2), 687-701. Shang, G., and Ployhart, R. E. (2014). A critical evaluation of alternative methods and paradigms for conducting mediation analysis in operations management research.Journal of Operations Management,32(4), 127-137. Brown, S., Blackmon, K., Cousins, P., and Maylor, H. (2013).Operations management: policy, practice and performance improvement. Routledge. Schroeder, R. G., Goldstein, S. M., and Rungtusanatham, M. J. (2011). Operations management.

The Economic Impact Of The Attack On The World Trade Center Essays

The Economic Impact Of The Attack On The World Trade Center THE ECONOMIC IMPACT OF THE ATTACK ON THE WORLD CENTER AND THE PENTAGON TRADE The effects of the attacks on the World Trade Center and Pentagon are rippling throughout the world, by sector, by region, and by market. Bond markets, inside and outside the U.S., already jittery from a deceleration in worldwide economic activity, are struggling to find direction in the aftermath of the attack. There now seems little doubt that the U.S. and global economies will slip into recession. The aerospace, insurance and banking industries, directly connected with the attack, will suffer the most. The airline sector had already been suffering a slowdown as a result of lower economic growth and cutbacks in business travel. Then, at the moment the first plane hit the first tower, the U.S. airline industry was dealt an even more severe blow. In the ten days that followed, nine U.S. airlines were downgraded or had their ratings put on credit watch with negative implications. Airports and aerospace also felt the credit impact. In New York, the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey, housed in the World Trade Center, was placed on credit watch with negative implications, and, in the days that followed, every North American airport and airport-related special facility and 13 commercial aerospace companies--airplane manufacturers; engine producers; suppliers of aircraft systems, components, and materials; and vendors providing aviation supportwere put on credit watch with negative implications. The effect of the attack on the World Trade Center, due to diminished air travel, goes f urther in affecting the hotel industry and tourism. Now, as the death toll rises and as property damage is beginning to be assessed, it seems quite likely that this catastrophe will be insurers' largest-ever insured loss. Insurance analysts have said that, once losses exceeded $15 billion, it would expect to see a significant impact on the balance sheets of individual insurers. So far, estimated net aggregate insured losses, from 55 leading insurers and reinsurers, are $19.2 billion. This figure is expected to continue rising. Rob Jones, a director in Standard & Poor's Financial Services group in London, has said that losses would have to exceed $50 billion before the entire industry were in trouble, and it is fast approaching that line. Even in Asia's emerging economies, insurance companies are likely to feel the impact of the attack. Although Asian companies are more likely to be affected by exposure to investment volatility more than by exposure to claims, the ratings on subsidiaries of foreign insurers may be affected in the event that their parent companies incur major claims as a result of the attacks on U.S. targets. Alan Greenspan, chairman of the U.S. central bank, expects some difficult times ahead for companies and workers but remains optimistic about the long-term strength of the U.S. economy. Testifying before the House of Representatives Banking Committee September 20, Greenspan said that the September 11 terrorist attacks on the World Trade Center and Pentagon caused considerable uncertainty that resulted in business cutting back or delaying spending plans. Indeed, much economic activity ground to a halt last week, he said. Banks and investment banks have mostly weathered the initial phase of the dislocations caused by the attacks on the World Trade Center. The payments system continued to work even in the immediate aftermath of the disaster, and financial markets are now all open for business once again. Financial analysts plan to focus on the medium to longer-term implications. For example, credit exposure to those industries that may have been most affected by the disaster will add to the already mounting credit problems that some banks may have. Investment banks could be especially vulnerable to the business interruption and potential impact of a further slowdown in already weak capital markets. Any aggressive share buybacks will further reduce the tolerance threshold for earnings pressures. Outside the U.S., the attacks are likely to add to the pressures of banks, as investment volatility becomes a threat to the already precarious financial positions of banks. Though the economic effects of the attack on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon have raised various opinions from financial analysts, none of them has the capacity to

The range of complementary therapies Essays

The range of complementary therapies Essays The range of complementary therapies Paper The range of complementary therapies Paper The term complementary medicine is used by conventional medical practitioners to refer to nom-invasive, non-pharmaceutical techniques which are used in conjunction with allopathic medical treatments such as drugs and surgery. The term implies that sometimes conventional medicine is used as a primary tool and also a non-invasive, non-pharmaceutical complementary technique is used as a supplement when needed. Complementary medicine has become an increasing feature of healthcare practice, but there still remains some confusion about what exactly complementary therapy is and what position the techniques included under this term should hold in relation to conventional medicine. Complementary therapy is based on the interaction between the mind, body and the energy systems combining them; this holistic approach to healing is found useful for the treatment of many conditions, such as asthma, migraine, insomnia and stress. Reflexology, acupuncture, massage and reiki are some popular examples of holistic complementary therapies. Complementary therapies fall into four main types of therapy; 1. Hands on, body manipulation therapies like acupuncture. 2. Energy based therapies like reiki 3. Mind body interaction therapies like EFT 4. Therapies based on other systems Patients or carers don’t have to have a particular health need to use complementary therapy. People often use them to maintain their general well-being or as something to treat themselves to. Most people can use aspects of a variety of complementary therapies as a means of support, which is safe and effective. Holistic – Holistic therapy is a generic term for any treatment/therapy session that is intended to treat the individual as a whole on all levels – mind, body and spirit. Most complementary or alternative therapies could be regarded as holistic. Alternative – When an alternative medicine or therapy is used alone or instead of a conventional medicine, it is called alternative. Complementary – When treatment or therapy is done alongside or in addition to conventional medicine, it is referred to as complementary medicine as the two practices complement each other. -Describe the why the use of complementary therapies is on the increase and why this is the case The use of therapies such as reflexology, acupuncture and herbal medicines has rapidly increased over the last two decades and is now used by around six million people a year. Britons spend ? 130m a year on complementary treatments and it is estimated that this will exceed to more than ? 200m over the next four years. Recent surveys found that using such therapies was especially strong among women aged between 35 and 54. 29% of the people interviewed had received some form of complementary and alternative medicine over the previous 12 months, with a very wide range of therapies being used. Compared to previous surveys in the UK there is an increasing use of complementary and alternative medicine, with over 75% still being provided outside the National Health Service, indicating that the general population is willing to pay for these treatments. Evidence suggested that integrated medicine – medicine in which conventional and complementary approaches are combined – is more cost-effective than conventional medicine alone. The survey reported that the most used therapies, in order, were aromatherapy, reflexology, massage therapy, acupuncture, chiropractic, herbal medicine and relaxation. Usage ranged from just over 14% for aromatherapy to 9% relaxation. Complementary approaches may involve self-treatment or a practitioner. Of practitioner treatments reflexology was most commonly used. According to the survey, acupuncture, chiropractic and herbal medicine were chosen most often for a health reason whereas aromatherapy and reflexology were more commonly used for wellness and relaxation. It said common health problems were musculoskeletal, stress, women’s health and mental health issues such as anxiety and depression. In terms of how effective the treatment was, 74% of respondents who had received acupuncture thought it was definitely very helpful; the least confidence was shown in aromatherapy in that 17% said it was definitely not helpful. -Produce an annotated map of the area showing the range of therapies within Wolverhampton. A – Justicia Health and Complementary Therapies (14 Sherborne Gardens, Codsall, Wolverhampton, South Staffordshire, WV8 1BN). Justica has been providing complementary therapies to a variety of clients in the West Midlands, Staffordshire and Shropshire area, with experience in a range of settings, including gyms, the NHS and office environments. Operating from a clinic in Codsall, Justica is managed by a qualified and insured holistic health practitioner. Justica offers a wide range of treatments to suit a variety of health concerns, these treatments include aromatherapy, eastern facial massage, EFT, food allergy testing, holistic massage, hopi ear candling, indian head massage, reflexology, reiki and remedial massage. B – MJM Holistic Therapies (William Barrows Way, Tipton, West Midlands, DY4 9ED). This is a privately run business which provides a range of different holistic therapies. C – Eubotic Holistic Health Clinice (93, Berrington Lodge, Tettenhall Road, Wolverhampton, WV3 9PE). Private treatments including massage techniques, laughter therapy, relaxation session and a variety of different yoga styles. Eubotica is run by a qualified therapist. D – Bowen Technique (4 Gleneagles Road, Wolverhampton, WV6 7YN). This is a privately run business. The bowen technique is a gentle non-invasive, remedial therapy which uses light rolling movements made by fingers or thumbs over soft tissue and muscle to initiate a healing response. E – Wednesfield Holistic Therapy Centre Ltd (12 High Street, Wolverhampton, West Midlands, WV11 1SZ. This is NHS funded. It offers a wide range of complementary therapies for NHS patients. F – Myatt Anita (564 Penn Road, Wolverhampton, WV4 4HU). This is a privately run business, offering a wide range of different therapies including acupuncture and aromatherapy. G – Wolverhampton Homeopathy Clinic (194 Penn Road, Wolverhampton, WV3 0EN). This is a private and NHs funded business. It accepts NHS and private patients. H – Herbal Remedies UK (182 Newhampton Road East, Leicester Square, Wolverhampton, West Midlands, WV1 4PQ). This is a privately run business. It specialises in acupuncture. I – Angela Robertshaw Reiki Train (20 High Street, Albrighton, Wolverhampton, WV7 3JB. Angela of Wolverhampton started practicing Reiki in 1990. Angela Robertshaw Reiki in Wolverhampton, west midlands are experienced holistic therapists. They offer a complete service including, reiki training, reiki courses, holistic therapy, energy, healing, stress management and relaxation. -Discuss the factors that affect access to complementary therapies There are many factors which may either deter of influence complementary therapy. Complementary therapy is a natural therapy which is used instead of orthodox medication; there are many different reasons why individuals may choose to use their own remedies and therapies. These include; * Geographical * Physical * Social-economic * Cultural * Education Physical Factors; Many individuals may experience many physical factors such as pain and mobility problems, some individuals may feel that taking orthodox medicines such as paracetamol may not be the best pain relief. Different people may encounter different side effects from taking medicines therefore they may chose natural alternatives such as massages and acupuncture, the influenced therapies such as these as pain can be eliminated naturally without any side effects. However individuals may feel that therapies may not be the best option as you may have to have several treatments before the problem is treated, secondly individuals may use orthodox methods as the pain they are experiencing may go away much quicker. Mobility is a factor that can either promote or hinder an individual’s access to complementary therapy for example due to an individual’s mobility they may be unable to gain access to the premises or the premises may not provide the facilities that are needed to accommodate for this individual. An individual with mobility problems may choose to use complementary therapies as certain therapies such as reflexology may help to ease the pain and help the movements in their joints. Geographical Factors; The area in which you live can have a great impact on an individual’s access to complementary therapy. Individuals living in urban areas have a great range to centres that are available without them having to travel distances to access them. When living in an urban area, there are advantages such as public transport that runs regularly however the problem with this is that urban areas can sometimes be highly congested with traffic, this may discourage an individual to use certain centres due to busy roads. Suburb areas are the opposite as they are less likely to be congested as there is very little traffic. As there is little public transport it can be very time consuming for an individual to travel far distances to access a centre. Individuals living in rural and suburb areas may have very few centres that are available. Culture; When analysing research complementary therapies are very common when it comes to culture. Not all cultures may use or believe in the same theories as they all come from different origins. For example within Africa some tribes forbid individuals to used therapies such as acupuncture as it is seen as witchcraft. Within some countries such as America complementary therapies may be used regularly, the reason for this is that individuals have to pay for their healthcare therefore it does not matter whether they choose to use orthodox or complementary treatments. Most Chinese people tend to use herbal remedies as it is part of their culture. The herbal use of remedies among the Chinese may be due to the fact that herbal use is very common within the Chinese culture in general. Within the afro Caribbean culture complementary therapies such as teas, vitamins, nutritional supplements, are used very regularly as it is part of their culture. Social economic; Your social class status can either hinder or promotes a persons access to complementary therapy. Your social class is divided into either categories with the lowest starting from one and the highest being eight. Depending on the social class of an individual is in, it will establish the wealth of that individual. From research on complementary therapies some treatments can be quite costly and most treatments vary. Most sessions normally last about 40-60 minutes at a time and depending on what treatment an individual needs depends on their circumstance, you ill normally need about 6-8 treatments. You social class can prevent you using complementary therapies as it can be expensive. Education; Whether an individual has been educated or the type of education they may receive can either influence of deter the use and access to the therapies available. Many individuals will visit their GP, who will then prescribe them with orthodox medicine according to their needs. Many people have not been educated and informed about the many other ways their health problems can be treated, lack of education hinders peoples access to the services available as they are unaware of the choices.

Evidence based analysis of an area of professional interest and Essay

Evidence based analysis of an area of professional interest and implications for improving practice - Essay Example This is considered a relevant step since information on this can assist specific authorities, especially the health workers, in providing aid to child bearing and rearing families in every possible aspect to promote the integrity of the basic unit of the community, the family as a whole, especially the children, while practicing their profession. According to research, children who grow up with less attachment with their parents, are neglected, or even abused tend to have negative attitudes toward self, others and life, in general. These suggest the considerable influence of the parents in the current and future conduct of their children (Serketich & Dumas, 1996). Several theorists (e.g., Erik Erikson and Jean Piaget, among others), in fact, proposed that proper development in children are attained if parents or their primary caregivers are able to realize their needs in specific stages. Meaning, they are able to keep their children â€Å"safe, secure, and protected† with the right mix of â€Å"disciplining, entertaining, and teaching† and which can only be achieved once proper or good attachment with the child is maintained (Benoit, 2004, p. 541). ... d’s later social and emotional outcome.† Despite these, many question the validity of the existing claims since, according to them, the experience of child bearing and rearing is â€Å"highly individualized† and complicated to create a common ground regarding the concepts surrounding parent and child attachment (Goulet, et al., 1998). Nevertheless, the government continues to use these researches as supporting evidences to public policies such as â€Å"Every Child Matters,† the â€Å"Healthy Child Programme,† as well as the NICE Postnatal Care Guidelines. These policies provide standard procedures for related agencies to implement interventions in the provision of health care and alike to prevent the theory of the Cycle of Deprivation and promote the overall health and well-being of every member of the family, especially the children, to help them reach their full potentials and maximize these for the benefit of the general public. This paper will ex amine five research studies which tackle the importance of parent and child attachment to provide an evidence-based practice in health care. Data Collection As a review of related literature, recent research studies on parent and child attachment were searched to complete the five articles that will be subjected for analysis and examine whether findings can aid in improving practice of health care providers that will pave way to having healthier families with children reaching their fullest potentials. Using the search engines PubMed and MedlinePlus, the articles by Haight, et al., (2003) and Benoit (2004) were chosen with the titles â€Å"Understanding and Supporting Parent -- Child Relationships During Foster Care Visits: Attachment Theory and Research† and â€Å"Infant-Parent Attachment: Definition, Types, Antecedent,

The Advantages of the Oanda Website Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

The Advantages of the Oanda Website - Essay Example Our website is 100% innovative web-based platform endowed with extraordinary features and over 250 assets that allow you to trade on the leading financial markets inclusive of Forex, indices, stocks, and commodities. Option Rally allows you to trade securely anytime and anywhere in the world without downloading the software. Our website is managed by veteran pros with exceptional knowledge in the financial industry working to make your trading experience simple, fast, user-friendly, and enjoyable. Traders receive training tools on safe and secure Binary Trading platform which is accessible to private and institutional investors globally on major FX crosses, indices, and commodities stocks. Binary options allow trading with no liquidity, wide variety of expiry points, and has Trader711, which allows up to 10% refund of principal investment for unsuccessful trades and 85% returns for successful trades. Binary options allow you to have control of risk and make profits during and volatile markets while monitoring market movements in the shorter period of time.

LLB Law of Contract Written Assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

LLB Law of Contract Written Assignment - Essay Example The seller (Fred) offered to sell the coffee table to his friend Gary for 450 pounds. This differs by 50 pounds as to the original offer of 500 pounds in the newspaper advertisement. Gary accepted the offer. However, Fred did not know of it as he always forgot to check his email everyday. To assure that Fred will know of his acceptance, Gary sent him a letter by post but Fred did not receive it on time. To analyze the circumstance, there could have been a valid contract if Fred only knew of Gary’s acceptance and confirmed it. It could also be stated that it was Fred’s fault why he was not informed of the buyer’s acceptance. With due praise to Gary, he even instituted another way just for Fred to be aware of his willingness to buy the table. As provided under article 2.205, paragraph 1 of The Principles of European Contract Law, a contract is concluded if the offeree’s acceptance of the offer reaches the offeror. This means that knowledge of the acceptance is a necessary requirement for an agreement to be legally binding. In the instant situation, Fred did not know of Gary’s acceptance. Thus, no contract has been formed. Fred could have checked his email for Gary’s reply as he used it in making the offer. In other words, he could have been logical in forming the contract with the buyer. Clearly, the buyer is of no fault. Nevertheless, Gary is not left without hope. He can still buy the table under the provision on late acceptance. In such section of the law, Gary needs to have Fred’s acknowledgement that he lately received the offer and that he still desires or intends to confirm it. As contained in Article 2.207, late acceptance is to be considered effective if the offeror or the seller informs the offeree (the buyer) that he or she deems it as such (â€Å"The Principles†). Moreover, it must be shown by Gary that he has sent his acceptance in such a way that if it was transmitted normally, the seller could have received it in due time (â€Å"The Principles†). He actually tried to send Fred a letter of his acceptance by post. However, due to a mistake at the post office sorting area, his letter was to arrive only after two weeks. Gary should emphasize this event to Fred. If that happens, a late acceptance will accrue. Fred should not worry of his transaction with Gary. There was no legally binding contract formed. The ultimate decision still depends on him. Second Scene In the second scenario, a buyer who has read the seller’s advertisement offered to buy the table but only for 470 pounds. Fred replied with a condition. He also promised the buyer (Harriet) that he will not be selling the table to anyone as soon as she could raise the desired amount. In doing this, Fred presumed that Gary was not interested to buy the table. Luckily, the buyer was able to raise the money and left a message on Fred’s answer machine. Fred did not hear the phone. Thus, he never bother ed to operate the machine. As a result, he was not aware of Harriet’s compliance of the condition. With regard to this instance, an agreement could have been made if Fred knew of Harriet’s compliance of the condition and acknowledged it. It can be contended that the reason of such failure was not due to Fred’s fault. He inadvertently did not hear the phone while he was in the garden. Also, Fred doesn’t actually know how to operate the answer machine. Article 2.201 of the law states that a proposal shall result to an offer if (1) it is purposefully made to amount to a

How does early childhood attachment affect child development

How does early childhood attachment affect child development 2- Describe three important contributions Freud made to the field of human development. How does early childhood attachment affect child development? Describe the relationship between temperament and best fit parenting. Freud suggested that the development occurs through a series of psychosexual stages: Oral stage (first 18 months of life): Infants main source of interaction occurs through the mouth. Infant receives pleasure from oral stimulation through sucking. The infant also builds a sense of trust and comfort through this oral stimulation. Anal stage (ages 1.5 to 3.5): Childs pleasure centers around anus and elimination. Phallic stage (ages 3 to 6): Child discovers the differences between males and females. Childs pleasure centers on genitals. Child begins to identify the same-sex parent. Latency stage (ages 6 to puberty): Child enters the school and has other interests like hobbies and friends. Sexual energy is directed into other areas such as social and academic areas. Genital stage (from puberty onward): Individual has sexual interest in the opposite sex. Freud believed in the importance of the unconscious mind and childhood experiences. He divided the mind into two parts: Conscious mind: includes all the things we are aware of. Unconscious mind: includes feelings, ideas, and memories that we are not aware of. Most of the unconscious contents are undesirable, such as feelings of pain and fear. Freud suggested that the unconscious mind continues to influence our behavior, even though we are unaware of these influences. According to Freud, the human personality is composed of the following three elements: Id: the only element of personality that is present from birth. This component of personality is totally unconscious. The id is the source of all psychic energy, making it the primary component of personality. Ego: is the component of personality that deals with reality. The ego develops from early childhood experiences. The ego operates in both the conscious and unconscious mind. The ego functions to fulfill the Ids desires in the appropriate time and place. Superego: is the component of personality that senses the right and wrong. The superego offer rules for making judgments and functions to improve our behavior, it inhibits all unacceptable desires of the id and exert effort to make the ego act idealistically rather than realistically. Attachment is an emotional bond between infant and caregiver. Attachment is to seek contact to another person, to feel safe when that person is there and to feel uneasy when that person is missing. The important aspects of attachment are trust and comfort, in contrast feeding is not an important aspect. Children develop different styles of attachment based on interactions with their caregivers. Four attachment styles have been recognized in children: Secure child: walks around freely when the mother is present, engages with strangers, will be disturbed when the mother leaves, and happy to see the mother return. The caregiver of a secure child is sensitive to the childs needs. Insecure-resistant child: resists closeness, dont explore or engage with strangers even when the mother is there. When the mother leaves, the child is extremely upset. When the mother returns, the child will push away if the mother offers comfort. The caregiver of an insecure-resistant child is not always available to the child. Insecure-avoidant child: pay no attention to the mother, showing little emotion when the mother leaves or returns. The child will not explore much. Strangers are treated in the same way as the mother. The caregiver of an insecure-avoidant child is rejecting. Insecure- disorganized child: shows insecurity by being disorganized and frightened. With new experiences the child may be afraid and confused. The caregiver of an insecure- disorganized child usually abuses the child. As a conclusion for improving the childs development, caregivers should be sensitive and always available to meet the childs needs. Temperament is an individuals behavioral manner and the way he reacts to emotions. Temperament influences the babys initial response to his environment. The ways in which the family responds to a baby are inclined by that babys temperament. The three basic styles of temperament according to Thomas and Chess (1977; 1991) are: Easy babies (40 %). Positive temper, happy, launches regular routines in infancy, adaptable to new experiences, and curious, Slow-to-warm-up babies (15 %). Inactive to the environment, has low adaptation and withdraw from new situations. Difficult babies (10%). negative temper, fearful of strangers, slow to accept new situations, easily displeased and launches irregular routines in infancy. It is the mix between parent and child that concern. This mix is known as Goodness of fit which refers to the balance between a childs temperament and the environmental stress the child must deal with. The interaction between parents and the child will certainly affect the childs development. The following table shows the different parenting styles: Parent style description Authoritarian (very strict) Extremely controllable, stress obedience, refuses discussions. Authoritative (moderate) Allow children to learn from their own mistakes, firm, kind, allow discussion, and give confidence to their children. Permissive (kind) Exert little control, dont set rules and dont demand high levels of behavior. Uninvolved Demand very little and react minimally. Parents have to consider the childs temperament and respond correctly to it, in order to improve the childs behavior. Parents should imply the following to achieve the best fit parenting: Be sensitive to the childs characteristics. Be flexible in responding to the childs characteristics. Avoid labeling the child negatively. Allow discussions, and listen to the childs point of view. Encourage the child to find solutions to problems. Respect the childs opinion but also be firm in your decisions. Set your expectations and limits to help the child develop self control. There are differences among children, dont compare children and respect the strong points of each child.

The Identity and History of the Caribbean Essay -- Caribbean History C

The Identity and History of the Caribbean The Caribbean is a vastly diverse area representing the effects of colonialism, slavery, and the combination of many cultures. Since the arrival of Europeans the Caribbean islands have been going through constant change. The loss of native peoples and the introduction of the plantation system had immediate and permanent reprocussions on the islands. The Plantation system set up a society which consisted of a large, captive lower class and a powerful, wealthy upper class. As the plantation systems became successful labor was needed in order to progress. Slavery became the answer to the problem. Slavery played an important role in the how the economy changed the islands because there was a shift on the main economic ingredient, Sugar. Section 2 of Caribbean Slave Society and Economy shows how the economy shifted during this expansion. Before sugar became the main export in 1643, tobacco, sugar, indigo and ginger were the main exports in the English and French Antilles. Tobacco and cotton became important in "pre-sugar era because it was easy to cultivate and did not need as much labor as the sugar plantations. Robert Carlylebatie in the essay "Why sugar? Economic Cycles and the Changing of Staples on the English and French Antilles, 1624-54" writes, "the mastery of the art of making sugar required time, skill and money. It is no wonder, then, that colonists waited until tobacco values reached very near their long-run levels before seriously committing themselves to learning how to produce muscovado, the common brown sugar later exported from the islands" (44). As sugar became difficult to cultivate with little labor more labor were needed. The sugar production lead to the core o... ...ings that Slavery created a transformation in the Caribbean’s identity and history. New societies, culture, identities, divisions between race and more were created. A social and political hierarchy was created which gave power to the whites while the blacks received no respect. Due to the emergence of the marroonage, revolts shows the slaves are becoming stronger as one and are revolting against their masters. New cultures are emerging and struggles for identity and rights are beginning to form. Bibliography Beckles, Dr. Hillary, Verene Shepherd. Caribbean Slave Society and Economy. The New Press, New York. New York, N.Y. 1991. Benitez-Rojo, Antonio: "The Repeating Island" Duke University Press Cliff, Michelle: "Abeng" Plume Books Knight, Franklin W. The Caribbean, The Genesis Of a Fragmented Nationalism. Oxford University Press, New York, N.Y. 1990

Michael Caine Essay

The Oscar winning British actor Michael Caine was born in 1933 at Bermondsey in London. He did not come from a theatrical family. His father was a porter at the Billingsgate fish market. His mother was a charlady (cleaning lady). His real name was Maurice Joseph Micklewhite. Young Maurice was evacuated from his home during the German World war II Blitz. He was placed in a home for 6 weeks where he was badly mistreated. He was beaten and poorly fed. At times he was locked in a cupboard. Finally his mother rescued him and throttled the lady who had mistreated him. The family expected Maurice to follow in his father’s footsteps, but he had other plans. He had early, if non-professional experiences with acting. At the age of 3 years on a regular basis he would have to convince the rent collector that â€Å"Mummy’s out†, while she hid behind the front door coaxing him. Family Michael did not come from a theatrical family. His father was a porter at the Billingsgate fish market. His mother was a charlady (cleaning lady). Michael’s father liked to gamble. His mother worked as a cleaning lady to give her sons a better life. Brothers Maurice grew up with his brother Stanley. The boys had an older brother, David, who was born with epilepsy. He was institutionalized as a baby. It was widely assumed in the 1920s that epilepsy was a form of mental illness which was untreatable. Their mother kept David’s existence a secret until her dying days. Childhood The Oscar winning British actor Michael Caine was born in 1933 at Bermondsey in London. His real name was Maurice Joseph Micklewhite. The family expected Maurice to follow in his father’s footsteps, but he had other plans. He had early, if non-professional experiences with acting. At the age of 3 years on a regular basis he would have to convince the rent collector that â€Å"Mummy’s out†, while she hid behind the front door coaxing him. World War II Evacuation Young Maurice was 6 years old when war was declared with Germany. He and brother Stanley were evacuated from his home during the German World war II Blitz. He was placed in a home for 6 weeks where he was badly mistreated. He was beaten and poorly fed. At times he was locked in a cupboard. Finally his mother rescued him and throttled the lady who had mistreated him. His mother was later evacuated as well. Education After the Blitz, Michael attended Wilson’s Grammar School, an academically selective secondary school. It was located in Peckham, close to where Last Orders was filmed. He did not like school and left at age 16. A Methodist minister introduced him to amateur theatricals which he did enjoy at school. Military Service He entered the army as a private after a few years of low-paying jobs. He was stationed in Korea and did not like the army either. Family Caine married one of his rep co-stars, Patricia Haines. The two had a daughter, Nikki, before divorcing. Caine later married Shakira Caine (nee Baksh) in 1973, Thy have two children: Dominique and Natasha. Career Caine has become a major film star, appealing to both men and women in his wide range of films. He is a versatile and very hard-working actor. His film career was launched by playing gritty working-class roles. The first was Alfie (1966) in which he played a womanizing Cockney in swinging London. Then came a trilogy of spy movies which were big successes. He played Len Deighton’s bespectacled agent, Harry Palmer, in Ipcress File, Funeral in Berlin, and The Billion Dollar Brain. He received Oscar nominations as Best Actor for Alfie, Sleuth and Educating Rita, he has won two Best Supporting Actor awards: for Hannah and her Sisters and The Cider House Rules. One film critic claims that Caine’s poor background caused him to take on a variety of roles in poor movies just to keep on working. Films Caine’s best remembered films are probably: Ipcress File, Zulu, Mr. Destiny, A Bridge Too Far, Miss Congeniality, Last Orders, The Man Who Would Be King, The Muppet Christmas Carol, Sleuth, Dirty Rotten Scoundrels, and Hannah and Her Sisters. Interestingly in Zulu he plays a dilated aristocratic British officer, quite a stretch from his background. The portrayal was right on, at least with American audiences. I’m less sure about British audiences. Sources Caine, Michael. What’s It All About (1992)

Why the Sioux Oppose the Dakota Access Pipeline

Why the Sioux Oppose the Dakota Access Pipeline As the Flint, Michigan, water crisis made national headlines in 2016, members of the Standing Rock Sioux  successfully  protested to protect their water and land from the Dakota Access Pipeline. After months on end of demonstrating,  the water protectors rejoiced when the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers decided on Dec. 4, 2016, to  prohibit the pipeline from crossing  Lake Oahe, effectively bringing the project to a halt. But the pipelines future is unclear after Obama leaves office, and the Trump administration enters the White House. Building of the pipeline could very well resume when the new administration takes over.   If finished, the $3.8 billion project would span 1,200 miles across four states to link the Bakken oil fields in North Dakota to an Illinois river port. This would allow 470,000 barrels of crude oil daily to be transported along the route. But the Standing Rock wanted construction on the pipeline stopped because they said it could devastate their natural resources. Initially, the pipeline would have crossed the Missouri River near the state capital, but the route was changed so that it would pass under the Missouri River at Lake Oahe, a half-mile upstream from the Standing Rock reservation. The pipeline was redirected from Bismarck because of fears that an oil spill would endanger the city’s drinking water. Moving the pipeline from the state capital to an Indian reservation is environmental racism in a nutshell, as this form of discrimination is characterized by the disproportionate placement of environmental hazards in communities of color. If the pipeline was too risky to be placed near the state capital, why wasn’t it deemed a risk near Standing Rock land? With this in mind, the tribe’s effort to stop  construction of the Dakota Access Pipeline isn’t simply an environmental issue but a protest against racial injustice as well. Clashes between the pipeline’s protesters and its developers have also sparked racial  tensions, but the Standing Rock have won support from a broad cross-section of the public, including public figures and celebrities.   Why the Sioux Are Against the Pipeline On Sept. 2, 2015, the Sioux drafted a resolution explaining their opposition to the pipeline. It read in part: â€Å"The Standing Rock Sioux Tribe relies on the waters of the life-giving Missouri River for our continued existence, and the Dakota Access Pipeline poses a serious risk to Mni Sose and to the very survival of our Tribe; and ...the horizontal direction drilling in the construction of the pipeline would destroy valuable cultural resources of the Standing Rock Sioux Tribe.† The resolution also argued that the Dakota Access Pipeline violates Article 2 of the 1868 Fort Laramie Treaty which granted the tribe the â€Å"undisturbed use and occupation† of its homeland. The Sioux filed a federal lawsuit against the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers in July 2016 to stop construction of the pipeline, which began the following month. In addition to concerns about the effects a spill would have on the Sioux’s natural resources, the tribe pointed out that the pipeline would course through sacred ground protected by federal law. U.S. District Judge James E. Boasberg had a different take. He ruled on Sept. 9, 2016, that the Army Corps had â€Å"likely complied† with its duty to consult the Sioux and that the tribe â€Å"has not shown it will suffer injury that would be prevented by any injunction the court could issue.† Although the judge denied the tribe’s request for an injunction to stop the pipeline, the departments of the Army, Justice and Interior announced after the ruling that they would suspend building of the pipeline on land of cultural importance to the tribe pending further evaluation. Still, the Standing Rock Sioux said they would appeal the judge’s decision because they believe they were not sufficiently consulted when the pipeline was rerouted.    My nations history is at risk because the pipeline builders and the Army Corps failed to consult the tribe when planning the pipeline, and routed it through areas of cultural and historical significance, which will be destroyed,† stated Standing Rock Sioux Chairman David Archambault II in a court filing. Judge Boasberg’s ruling led the tribe to ask for an emergency injunction to stop building of the pipeline. This led the U.S. Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit  to state in a Sept. 16 ruling that it needed more time to consider the tribes request, which meant that all construction 20 miles in either direction of Lake Oahe had to stop. The federal government had already called for construction along that part of the route to be halted, but Dallas-based pipeline developer Energy Transfer Partners didn’t immediately respond to the Obama administration. In September 2016, the company said the pipeline was 60 percent complete and maintained it would not harm the  local water supply. But if that were absolutely certain, then why wasn’t the Bismarck location an appropriate site for the pipeline? As recently as October 2015, a North Dakota oil well blew out and leaked more than 67,000 gallons of crude, putting a tributary of the Missouri River at risk. Even if oil spills are rare and new technology works to prevent them, they cannot be completely ruled out. By rerouting the Dakota Access Pipeline, the federal government appears to have put the Standing Rock Sioux directly in harm’s way in the unlikely event of an oil spill. Controversy Over Protests The Dakota Access Pipeline hasn’t attracted media attention simply because of the natural resources at stake but also because of clashes between protesters and the oil company in charge of building it. In Spring 2016, only a small group of demonstrators  had set up camp on the reservation to protest the pipeline. But in the summer months, Sacred Stone Camp ballooned to thousands of activists, with some calling it â€Å"the largest gathering of Native Americans in a century,† the Associated Press reported. In early September, tensions heightened as protesters and journalists were arrested, and activists accused the security firm tasked with protecting the pipeline of pepper-spraying them and letting dogs viciously attack them. This called to mind similar images of attacks on civil rights protesters during the 1960s.    In light of the violent clashes between protesters and security guards, the Standing Rock Sioux were granted a permit to allow the water protectors to legally rally on the federal lands that surround the pipeline. The permit means the tribe is responsible for the cost of any damages, keeping demonstrators safe, liability insurance and more. Despite this shift, clashes between activists and officers continued in November 2016, with police reportedly firing tear gas and water canons at protesters. One activist came dangerously close to losing her arm as a result of an explosion that occurred during the confrontation. Protesters say she was injured by a grenade thrown by police, while police say she was hurt by a small propane tank that protesters rigged to explode, according to CBS News. Prominent Standing Rock Supporters A number of celebrities have publicly expressed their support for the Standing Rock Sioux’s protest against the Dakota Access Pipeline. Jane Fonda and Shailene Woodley helped serve Thanksgiving 2016 dinner to the demonstrators.  Green Party presidential candidate Jill Stein visited the site and faced arrest for allegedly spray-painting construction equipment during a protest. A former 2016  presidential candidate also stands in solidarity with the Standing Rock, leading a rally against the pipeline. U.S. Sen. Bernie Sanders (I-Vermont) said on Twitter, â€Å"Stop the Dakota Access pipeline. Respect Native American rights. And let us move forward to transform our energy system.† Veteran rocker Neil Young even released a new song called â€Å"Indian Givers† in honor of the Standing Rock protest. The song’s title is a play on the racial insult. The lyrics state: There’s a battle raging on the sacred landOur brothers and sisters have to take a standAgainst us now for what we all been doingOn the sacred land there’s a battle brewingI wish somebody would share the newsNow it’s been about 500 yearsWe keep taking what we gave awayJust like what we call Indian giversIt makes you sick and gives you shivers Young also released a video for the song that features footage of the pipeline protests. The musician has recorded songs about similar environmental controversies, such as his 2014 protest song â€Å"Who’s Gonna Stand Up?† in protest of the Keystone XL pipeline. Leonardo DiCaprio announced that he shared the Sioux’s concerns as well. â€Å"Standing w/ the Great Sioux Nation to protect their water lands,† he said on Twitter, linking to a Change.org petition against the pipeline. â€Å"Justice League† actors Jason Momoa, Ezra Miller and Ray Fisher  took to social media to announce their objections to the pipeline. Momoa shared a photo of himself on Instagram with a sign that said, â€Å"Oil pipelines are a bad idea,† along with hashtags related to the Dakota Access Pipeline protest. Wrapping Up While the Dakota Access Pipeline protest has largely been framed as an environmental issue, it is also a racial justice issue. Even the judge who denied the Standing Rock Sioux’s temporary injunction to stop the pipeline, acknowledged that â€Å"the United States’ relationship with the Indian tribes has been contentious and tragic.† Since the Americas were colonized, Native Americans and other marginalized groups have fought for equal access to natural resources. Factory farms, power plants, freeways and other sources of pollution are all too often erected in communities of color. The richer and whiter a community is, the more likely its residents have clean air and water. So, the Standing Rock’s struggle to protect their land and water from the Dakota Access Pipeline is just as much an anti-discrimination issue as it is an environmental one.

Social Networks and Marketing

Social Networks and Marketing Introduction Marketing is an integral part of every business since it helps companies to reach their customers. It encompasses all the activities and institutions that facilitate the creation, communication and exchange of offerings that are beneficial to the clients and owners of businesses (Gary, Harker and Kottler 5).Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Social Networks and Marketing specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The success of the marketing process depends on the approach or technique used to facilitate it. This means that the approach must be effective in reaching the customers and cost-effective to the company. It is against this backdrop that most firms are shifting from traditional marketing techniques to social network marketing (Ostrow). An analysis of current marketing trends indicates that the application of social networks in marketing is becoming more popular despite their limitations. Background Information on Marketing Meaning of Marketing Marketing is the â€Å"management process that seeks to maximize returns to shareholders by developing relationships with valued customers and creating a competitive advantage† (Gary, Harker and Kottler 7). This means that marketers transform potential customers into actual customers by developing relationships with them. Strong relationships between the marketers and customers facilitate high sales. Thus the shareholders of the business will maximize their returns as sales and profits increase. Marketing also helps in developing the sales strategies and the methods of communicating with the customers. Types of Marketing The commonly used types of marketing include online marketing, offline marketing, outbound marketing, inbound marketing, direct marketing, niche marketing and guerrilla marketing (Gary, Harker and Kottler 35). Online marketing is mainly done through the internet while offline marketing is done through print and e lectronic media. Outbound marketing involves reaching customers who are not actively looking for the product being marketed. It uses techniques such as billboard adverts (Gary, Harker and Kottler 67). Inbound marketing makes use of search engine optimization to help customers find a firm and its products. Direct marketing focuses on delivering the marketing messages directly to the customers. Thus it uses strategies such as â€Å"telemarketing, emails and direct calling† (Gary, Harker and Kottler 71). Niche marketing focuses on reaching a market that is currently not being served by the existing firms. Guerilla marketing uses unconventional marketing approaches to reach customers and create brand awareness.Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More When to Use Marketing Marketing is used under the following situations. First, it is used to identify the custom ers who are interested in the products being marketed (Gary, Harker and Kottler 45). This is achieved through appropriate market segmentation criteria. Second, it is used to enhance customer satisfaction (Gary, Harker and Kottler 46). The use of appropriate marketing communication channels enables firms to understand customers’ needs in order to offer the right products. Third, marketing is used when a new product is being launched (Gary, Harker and Kottler 48). It helps in creating awareness about the new product. Finally, it helps in retaining customers by helping firms to introduce appropriate customer-centered incentives such as discounts. Background Information on Social Networks Meaning of Social Networks A social network refers to â€Å"a structure consisting of individuals or organizations which are connected through interdependencies such as friendship or common interests† (Direct Marketing Association, U.S 2). Such networks are normally supported by social ne twork services which are usually offered through a website. The social network services provide a platform for creating and developing social networks among individuals with a common interest (Felzensztein and Gimmon 282). They facilitate interaction among their users through effective communication systems such as instant messaging and emails. Thus the users are able to exchange ideas or information on events, products and activities. Types of Social Networks The social networks commonly used in marketing are web-based (Direct Marketing Association, U.S 6). However, they differ in terms of their communication capabilities. Thus it is advisable to assess the ability of a particular network to reach the targeted audience. The common types include Facebook, Twitter, Last.fm, LinkedIn, MySpace, Tagged, Classmates, Mylife, Ning and LiveJournal (Felzensztein and Gimmon 283). Application of Social Networks in Marketing Advertising Advertising involves the use of a particular communication channel to influence potential customers to purchase a given product. The firms using social networks to advertise their products normally post their adverts on the websites that support the social networks (Direct Marketing Association, U.S 10). For example, most firms market their products by posting their adverts on Facebook’s and Twitter’s websites. Any user who visits the websites is thus able to access the adverts instantly (Akar 109). The suitability of a social network in regard to advertising depends on the characteristics of its users.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Social Networks and Marketing specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This is because social networks are meant for a particular group of people who share a given interest. For example, LinkedIn is mostly used by professionals (Akar 110). Thus it is advisable to post an advert on a social network that is used by potential cons umers of the product. It is also important to asses the popularity of the social network before using it to advertise a given product in order to ensure that it can reach the targeted customers. Introducing a New Product Creating awareness about a given product is one of the priorities of marketers during the launch of a new product. This calls for a market communication channel that can reach as many customers as possible (Gary, Harker and Kottler 23). Besides, the communication channel should be able to provide clear information about the product. Social networks help in introducing a new product by providing an efficient and effective communication channel. The marketers can use several social networks to reach a large number of potential customers at the same time (Akar 113). The social networks are also used by the marketers to obtain customers’ views on the new product. This helps them to modify the product accordingly in order to suit the needs of the customers. Inform ation about Products Social networks help customers to obtain information about a product such as its price or the location of dealers who sell it. Users of social networks are able to engage the marketers in conversations about the product. This is achieved through live chats, emails and direct messages. Some marketers post articles or testimonies about their products on the social networks. Thus the users of the networks are able to find vital information about the products (Akar 114). The users of the networks are also able to share product information and this helps in creating brand awareness (Akar 115). Product information can be stored for a long time on the social networks. Such information can be used by customers for reference at a future date. Media Most social networks support a variety of media that enhance effective communication during marketing. The adverts placed on social networks are usually accompanied by a link that directs the customers to the marketers’ website (Schiff). Consequently, the customers are able to find more information or purchase the product instantly from the marketer’s website (Schiff). The video adverts supported by the social networks not only improve the quality of communication but also help in influencing the attitude of customers towards the product being advertised.Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Success of Social Media in Marketing Interaction between People with the Same Interest Most social networks are used by individuals who share a common interest. People with the same interest are likely to purchase the same product. For example, a company that targets the working class or professionals can use LinkedIn. This is because majority of LinkedIn users are professionals and are thus likely to demand similar goods or services. Interactions among individuals with same interest also help in influencing customers’ purchasing patterns (Gilbert). This is because potential customers are likely to purchase a given product if such a product is endorsed by influential members of their social networks (Gilbert). High speed for sharing information The marketing massages sent through social networks normally reach the targeted customers instantly (Boyd and Ellison 434). This is because communication through social networks is based on internet technology. Internet technology faci litates instant transfer of information. Besides, the targeted users can always access the information at their convenience. The high speed of sharing information not only helps the marketers to reach their clients within the shortest time possible, but also enables them to receive immediate feedback from customers (Boyd and Ellison 435). Thus they are able to understand the needs of the customers in order to provide the goods that meet the expectation of the clients at the right time. The marketing process will be successful if the messages reach the customers within the desired timeframe. Constant and Direct Interaction with Customers Social networks facilitate direct interaction between the marketers and the potential customers (Boyd and Ellison 432). The direct interactions enable marketers to develop long-term relationships with their customers. The main benefit of such relationships is that they help in ensuring customer loyalty as the customers and the marketers continue to t rust each other (Schiff). Besides, the marketers can take advantage of the direct interactions to request for referrals from the existing customers. Direct interactions also enable customers to get personalized services such as technical advice during marketing and this enhances product awareness. Thus the marketing process will succeed as marketers strengthen the relationships between them and their customers (Schiff). The referrals also help in increasing the customer base. Wide Range of Customers Marketing through social networks enables companies to reach customers in every part of the world at the same time (Boyd and Ellison 436). Since communication through the social networks is based on internet technology, the marketing messages can be accessed worldwide (Direct Marketing Association, U.S 11). This eliminates the need to use local media in each and every country targeted by the marketers. This increases the marketers’ chances of turning potential customers into actua l customers. The sales volume and market share is likely to increase as the company reaches more potential buyers during marketing (Schiff). Thus social network marketing helps companies to reach a large number of potential customers within a short time and at a relatively low cost (Schiff). Potential Problems Associated with Social Network Marketing Marketing through social networks is associated with the following limitations. First, the ability to reach the targeted customers depends on the popularity of the used social network (Felzensztein and Gimmon 288). Thus if the network is not popular, it will not be effective in reaching the targeted customers. Second, it can only be used to reach customers with computer skills. This is because an individual must have basic skills in operating a computer and using internet technology in order to use the social networks. Third, the use of social networks is also limited by the availability and cost of using computers and the internet tech nology (Direct Marketing Association, U.S 17). In most developing countries, the cost of computers and internet technology is still very high thus limiting the use of social networks. Finally, the rise in cases of fraudulent adverts on social networks has adversely affected the popularity of social network marketing (Direct Marketing Association, U.S 19). In some cases, customers ignore adverts posted on social networks for fear of being defrauded. Possible Solutions to Limitations of Social Network Marketing Marketers can maximize the benefits of social networks by using them to reach customers in markets characterized by widespread use of computers and internet. Availability of computers and internet facilitates the use of social networks thus increasing the marketers’ chances of reaching the targeted customers (Wasserman and Galaskiewicz 23). Firms intending to use social networks should first asses the amount of traffic associated with the networks they intend to use befo re placing their adverts. This will help in selecting the most effective social network to reach the customers. Marketers should also focus on authenticating their adverts through effective security protocols in order to ensure the confidence of their customers (Barnes). Conclusion Marketing helps companies to reach their targeted customers through the most effective and efficient methods. Most companies are currently marketing their products through social networks in order to increase their sales and market share (Ostrow). The benefits associated with marketing through social networks are as follows. First, the marketing messages can reach the targeted customers instantly. Second, it enables companies to reach customers in every part of the world at the same time (Wasserman and Galaskiewicz 25). Finally, it facilitates effective communication and interaction between the marketers and the potential customers. However, its success is limited by the availability and use of computers and internet technology. Consequently, firms intending to use social networks for marketing should asses the customers’ ability to use the networks as well as the popularity of the networks. Akar, Erken. Social Networking Sites as a Type of Virtual Communication Channel. Anadolu University Journal of Social Science 10.2 (May 2010): 107-122. Barnes, Susan. A Privacy Paradox: Social Networking in the United States. Firstminday.org. Firstminday.org, 4 Sept. 2006. Web. Boyd, Danah and Nicole Ellison. Social Network Sites: Definition and History. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communities 13.1 (April 2007): 431-467. Direct Marketing Association, U.S. Social Network Marketing: Present and Future. New York: Direct Marketing Association, 2009. Print. Felzensztein, Christian and Eli Gimmon. Social Networks and Marketing Cooperation in Entrepreneurial Clusters. Journal of International Entrepreneurshiop 7.3 (June 2009): 281-291. Gary, Armstrong, Michael Harker and Philip Kottler. Market ing: an Introduction. New York: Finanacial Times Prentice Hall, 2009. Print. Gilbert, Sarah. Social Network Marketing: What Works? - HBS Working Knowledge. HBS Working Knowledge Faculty Research at Harvard Business School. Harvard Business School, 27 July 2009. Web. Ostrow, Adam. Social Networking Still the #1 Growth Area in Online Marketing. Mashable.com. 12 Jan. 2009. Web. Schiff, Jennifer. Social Network Marketing Meets Small Business. Small Business Computing. Small Business Computing, 6 July 2009. Web. Wasserman, Stanley and Joseph Galaskiewicz. Advanbces in Social Nework Analysis: Research in the Social and Behavioral Sciences. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications, 1994. Print.

Reserach Proposal (Oceanography) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Reserach Proposal (Oceanography) - Essay Example The approach adopted will first to assemble comprehensive test-bed observational data sets for both local coastal zones and for the entire North Sea, thence, to develop generic models for tide, surge, wave, turbulence and suspended particulate matter (SPM) simulations. The final stage will involve evaluation of these generic models in simulations against the test-bed data sets. The specific developments might be contrasted with the wider vision for advances in Operational Oceanography presented by Woods et al. (pp. 25) and an accompanying implementation strategy by Prandle and Flemming (pp. 33). As perhaps the first ever attempt to report the wide-ranging, inter-related aspects of developing Operational Forecasting systems, this special issue will constitutes a definable initial milestone. Paper authors will encourage providing a balance between the customary concentration on state-of-the-art progress alongside clear statements of long-standing underlying difficulties. The range of information, including references ranging from latest publications back to the original primary papers, over a wide but coherent field should enable readers to gain a balanced perspective of this topic. The development of generic modules and the ready availability of public domain model codes will be removed much of the mystique that traditionally surrounded marine modeling. The diversity of marine systems will make it unlikely that a single integrated model will evolve as for weather forecasting. However, rationalization of modules within modeling systems will be a recognized goal, together with standardization of prescribed inputs such as bathymetry, tidal boundary conditions, etc. Such enhanced rationalization will enable the essential characteristics of various types of models to be elucidated including the inherent limits to predictability. The WAM wave modeling community will have an outstanding

Pierre Trudean Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Pierre Trudean - Essay Example Therefore, the Charter of Freedom and Rights was enacted and it aimed to keep the individual rights of the Canadians protected, irrespective of their race, caste, creed or religion. The charter would enable the individuals their fundamental rights without any bias or discrimination and it would give importance to the rights of the individuals rather than the laws of the state. Therefore, Trudeau, through the charter, provided the basic rights to every single Canadian, thus influencing their lives to a great extent. Trudeau became a charismatic leader once he started working as the Minister of Justice, in Montreal and he contributed to the passing of bills regarding social welfare measures such as making the gun and arms law stricter and also bringing various reforms in laws that relate to homosexuality as well as abortion. His followers were inspired by Trudeaumania, the nickname given to Trudeau for the outstanding role he played in the Liberty Party, by inspiring each member to str ive towards serving for the country and its people. He drove political factors in the country and encouraged as well as brought to the fore various beneficial reforms starting from the 1960s to the mid 1980s, which included patriation that would increase the federal economic power in the country and also led to institutional changes like the forming of supreme court. He also contributed to the country gaining independence from Britain, as Queen Elizabeth II announced Canada to be exempted from the rule of the British Parliament when Trudeau was in power. Trudeau further increased the economic stability of the country by extending its trade relationships with other countries and he also envisioned peace through various international disarmament discussions he encouraged and attended. The increased economic stability in the country would in turn lead to increase in the purchasing power of the citizens, thus influencing and improving their lifestyle to a large extent. Trudeau had a lot of admirers and followers who praised him for his brilliant intellect and also saluted his political shrewdness in safeguarding the interests of the nation and also unifying it as one. According to Laforest, Trudeau became increasingly â€Å"reconciled with Canadian nationalism† (125) and he did all in his power to inflict feelings of nationalism and patriotism in the people of Canada by strengthening â€Å"the charter to mobilize public opinion† (147). He was also greatly responsible for the Quebec autonomy movement, which restrained an aggressive rebellion on part of the people. Therefore, the presence of Trudeau proved to be a golden era for the people in the country. Analysis Trudeau introduced the landmark Criminal Law Amendment Act in 1968-69. He won his presidency with the majority of votes. He formulated some important laws including Official Languages Act, which guaranteed bilingualism in the civil service. â€Å"If there is any crisis, it is fundamentally b ecause Mr. Trudeau was victorious in his battle against the dualist ideas of Quebec politicians and intellectuals† (Laforest 4). Trudeau Et la Fin D'un Re?ve Canadien In 1970, there was a severe threat for the national security, due to the attack from the terrorist group, Front de liberation du Quebec. Trudeau stood his ground against the terrorist gro